<!--StartFragment -->Abstract

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the extent to which risk communication has been implemented into spatial planning practice in Indonesia by using the coastal area of Subang Regency as a case study. Risk communication in risk-based planning (RBP) is the process of exchanging information about risk and hazards between all actors which emphasizes determining the level of risk acceptance of communities to support appropriate decision making in spatial planning. It has been proven effective in developed countries, but it remains unclear in Indonesia.
Design/methodology/approach – The study uses qualitative methods by analyzing documents and interviews with local stakeholders to explain how risk communication is implemented in RBP at the regency level.
Findings – This study reveals that risk communication is not explicitly incorporated into RBP regulations and impacts its practices. The absence of a clear definition and guidelines in regulations is leading to limited understanding at all government levels. The emphasis on community risk acceptance levels as the core of risk communication in RBP has not been conducted, where the existing focus is still majorly on disaster events. This has led to improper spatial planning decisions.
Practical implications – Incorporating risk communication in RBP is important in spatial planning practice in Indonesia. Without effective community engagement, clear definition and guidelines on community’s acceptable risk levels, spatial planning efforts may not align with local needs, leading to social conflicts and hindering appropriate spatial planning. For instance, land use policy for community that is willing to tolerate the risk should be permitted with specified consideration instead of offering relocation options that potentially lead to social unrest by conflicting with their social, economic and cultural. Integrating risk communication into RBP can result in a more adaptive and appropriate spatial planning decisions.
Originality/value – This study offers a novel exploration of risk communication which is important to be integrated into the RBP in a locality in Indonesia, focusing on both regulatory factors and practices to support appropriate decision making in spatial planning. This paper is important because study on risk communication in RBP in Indonesia is still scarce.

Keywords – Disaster, Hazards, Indonesia, Risk communication, Risk-based planning, Spatial planning
Paper type – Research paper

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The purpose of this study was to determine how well KN95 respirators, marketed for children, fit the faces of children aged 6–13 years old in two urban sites with elevated levels of air pollution: Kathmandu, Nepal and Bandung, Indonesia. The wearability of the tested respirators and the children’s style preferences were also assessed. Sixty children, 30 in each country, were recruited and were fit tested with three different ear loop respirators in two combinations (with and without an additional adjustable ear loop clip worn around the head). The fit factor for each respirator was determined using a modified fit test protocol for filtering face piece respirators using a TSI PortaCount™ Respirator Fit Tester 8048. Facial dimensions were measured using callipers. The wearability of the respirators and children’s style preferences were assessed through questionnaires administered after the fit tests. Most fit factors were less than 10, i.e. less than 90 % reduction in exposure. In both countries, using an additional ear loop clip was associated with increases in fit factor of 42 and 50 % for Indonesian and Nepalese respirators, respectively. There were no significant differences among the respirators for any of the perceptions: comfort, feeling hot, breathability, fit, embarrassment or appearance for either country. The appearance of the respirator was important to the children. Although the use of an additional ear loop clip improved the fit, the respirators were generally too large for the children’s faces to achieve a good fit. Respirators marketed for children should be better designed to suit their facial dimensions

This paper will present an elaboration of the risk assessment methodology by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH (GIZ), Eurac Research and United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) for the assessment of dengue. (2) Methods: We validate the risk assessment model by best-fitting it with the number of dengue cases per province using the least-square fitting method. Seven out of thirty-four provinces in Indonesia were chosen (North Sumatra, Jakarta Capital, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Bali and East Kalimantan). (3) Results: A risk assessment based on the number of dengue cases showed an increased risk in 2010, 2015 and 2016 in which the effects of El Nino and La Nina extreme climates occurred. North Sumatra, Bali, and West Java were more influenced by the vulnerability component, in line with their risk analysis that tends to be lower than the other provinces in 2010, 2015 and 2016 when El Nino and La Nina occurred. (4) Conclusion: Based on data from the last ten years, in Jakarta Capital, Central Java, East Java and East Kalimantan, dengue risks were mainly influenced by the climatic hazard component while North Sumatra, Bali and West Java were more influenced by the vulnerability component.

Climate change has impacted development progress and increased global inequality. Therefore, all emitters, both developed and developing countries, must implement climate change mitigation and adaptation actions. Indonesia is one of the developing countries that signed the Paris Agreement. In its NDC document, Indonesia has pledged to reduce greenhouse gases emission by 29% using domestic resources (unconditional) and 41% with international support (conditional) from the business as usual (BAU) scenario by 2030. This commitment gives Indonesia the right to take advantage of various types of support, including ICF opportunities offered by the ADB through the non-UNFCCC financial scheme and the Global Green Growth Institute through the UNFCCC financial mechanism. This paper explores to what extent ICF supports the achievement of Indonesia’s Nationally Deter mined Contribution (NDC) target. The study uses qualitative analysis to provide a general overview of ICF in Indonesia, its climate finance strategies, and the case study of the energy sector. The study finds that ICF in Indonesia continues to develop, albeit with many limitations. Several ICF channels could be utilized more optimally such as, loan and grant instruments. Indonesia cannot rely solely on international support to meet its enormous climate finance needs; it must develop innovative financing through various instruments, such as green sukuk. ICF also plays a role in facilitating the energy transition from coal-based to renewable energy sources and increasing energy efficiency.

Calculation of environmental carrying capacity can be done by various approaches. The selection of an appropriate approach determines the success of determining and applying environmental carrying capacity. This study aimed to compare the ecological footprint approach and the ecosystem services approach for calculating environmental carrying capacity. It attempts to describe two relatively new models that require further explanation if they are used to calculate environmental carrying capacity. In their application, attention needs to be paid to their respective advantages and weaknesses. Conceptually, the ecological footprint model is more complete than the ecosystem services model, because it describes the supply and demand of resources, including supportive and assimilative capacity of the environment, and measurable output through a resource consumption threshold. However, this model also has weaknesses, such as not considering technological change and resources beneath the earth’s surface, as well as the requirement to provide trade data between regions for calculating at provincial and district level. The ecosystem services model also has advantages, such as being in line with strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of ecosystem services, using spatial analysis based on ecoregions, and a draft regulation on calculation guidelines formulated by the government. Meanwhile, weaknesses are that it only describes the supply of resources, that the assessment of the different types of ecosystem services by experts tends to be subjective, and that the output of the calculation lacks a resource consumption threshold.

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) di Indonesia menimbulkan degradasi lingkungan, kerugian ekonomi dan gangguan kesehatan. Fenomena Strong El Nino menjadi faktor alam yang memperparah kondisi karhutla, upaya pengurangan risiko karhutla dengan mencegah, mengurangi dan menanggulangi karhutla terus diupayakan pemerintah. Kabut asap karhutla menjadi masalah tersendiri, luasnya wilayah terpapar dan partikel berbahaya mengganggu aktivitas masyarakat terutama gangguan kesehatan. Upaya pengurangan risiko bencana dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kapasitas, adapun salah satu jenis kapasitas yang ada di masyarakat adalah kapasitas rumah tangga. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah melakukan kajian kapasitas rumah tangga dalam menghadapi bencana kabut asap karhutla, lokasi yang dipilih untuk melakukan studi adalah Kelurahan Bansir Darat, Kota Pontianak-Kalimantan Barat. Pembahasan dimulai dengan menentukan kriteria kapasitas rumah tangga, teknik pengambilan sampel data adalah non probability sampling berupa pengambilan sampel sistematis melalui angket berjumlah 110 dan metode analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif deskriptif dan kuantitatif asosiasi. Karakteristik rumah tangga yang teridentifikasi adalah kelompok umur, kelompok pekerjaan dan jenis permukiman, perhitungan kapasitas rumah tangga menunjukkan bahwa 21,82% siap, 28,18% tidak siap dan 50,00% cukup siap menghadapi bencana, ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara kelompok pekerjaan dengan kapasitas rumah tangga dan jenis permukiman dengan kapasitas rumah tangga.