Climate change affects the uncertainty of oceanographic condition that has an impact on the marine fisheries, such as changes in fishing areas, winds, and extreme waves. As an archipelagic country, the majority of Indonesian cities are in the coastal area whose the community?s livelihood depends on marine fishery activities. Climate change impacts the coastal community who engages in fishery activities are now being vulnerable group towards climate change. This condition is also experienced by fishermen in Muncar District, the second biggest fishery port in Indonesia. It is necessary to enhance fishermen household?s adaptive capacity which is the key to region?s resilience. This research focuses on adaptive capacity assessment by formulating criteria and indicators based on the expert's theories review. The method that is used in this research is statistic descriptive based on a questionnaire which distributed to 120 households samples. This research also views perception of fishermen on climate change impacts and on how Local Government Units (LGUs) and Community Organizations (COs) support the increase of fishermen household?s adaptive capacity. The result of the assessment showed that 56% of households have „medium? adaptive capacity, 34% of them are in „low? adaptive capacity, and 10% households are in „high? adaptive capacity. The LGUs and COs gives a high endorsement to households to increase their adaptive capacity. The result of this study can be taken into consideration in formulating the strategies to enhance fishermen household?s adaptive capacity in order to realize the resilient fishermen households socially and economically.

Calculation of environmental carrying capacity can be done by various approaches. The selection of an appropriate approach determines the success of determining and applying environmental carrying capacity. This study aimed to compare the ecological footprint approach and the ecosystem services approach for calculating environmental carrying capacity. It attempts to describe two relatively new models that require further explanation if they are used to calculate environmental carrying capacity. In their application, attention needs to be paid to their respective advantages and weaknesses. Conceptually, the ecological footprint model is more complete than the ecosystem services model, because it describes the supply and demand of resources, including supportive and assimilative capacity of the environment, and measurable output through a resource consumption threshold. However, this model also has weaknesses, such as not considering technological change and resources beneath the earth’s surface, as well as the requirement to provide trade data between regions for calculating at provincial and district level. The ecosystem services model also has advantages, such as being in line with strategic environmental assessment (SEA) of ecosystem services, using spatial analysis based on ecoregions, and a draft regulation on calculation guidelines formulated by the government. Meanwhile, weaknesses are that it only describes the supply of resources, that the assessment of the different types of ecosystem services by experts tends to be subjective, and that the output of the calculation lacks a resource consumption threshold.

This paper aims to compare five smart city models selected based on a number of specific criteria. Following the comparison and assessment performed, we draw conclusions and further linkages identifying the components and characters found in resilient cities. The purpose of this analysis is to produce a new approach and concept: the “smart and resilient city.” Through in-depth literature study, this paper analyzes five conceptual smart city models deemed to have a background, point of view, and benchmark towards software group, as they focus on welfare,inclusion, social equality, and competitiveness. Analyzing the strategies, methods, and techniques of five smart city models, this paper concludes that there has been no inclusion of resilience concepts in the assessment, especially in the context of natural disasters. Basically, the models are also interrelated and there are some things that overlap. As a recommendation, there is a model that tries to combine the components and character of smart city and resilient city intoone entity that is embedded as a whole in a conceptual picture towards the new concept, the "smart and resilient city". The concept of smart city and resilient city go hand in hand with each other and thus are interrelated. Therefore, it is imperative to study that concept deeper, in this case primarily in the context of disaster.

Kebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) di Indonesia menimbulkan degradasi lingkungan, kerugian ekonomi dan gangguan kesehatan. Fenomena Strong El Nino menjadi faktor alam yang memperparah kondisi karhutla, upaya pengurangan risiko karhutla dengan mencegah, mengurangi dan menanggulangi karhutla terus diupayakan pemerintah. Kabut asap karhutla menjadi masalah tersendiri, luasnya wilayah terpapar dan partikel berbahaya mengganggu aktivitas masyarakat terutama gangguan kesehatan. Upaya pengurangan risiko bencana dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kapasitas, adapun salah satu jenis kapasitas yang ada di masyarakat adalah kapasitas rumah tangga. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah melakukan kajian kapasitas rumah tangga dalam menghadapi bencana kabut asap karhutla, lokasi yang dipilih untuk melakukan studi adalah Kelurahan Bansir Darat, Kota Pontianak-Kalimantan Barat. Pembahasan dimulai dengan menentukan kriteria kapasitas rumah tangga, teknik pengambilan sampel data adalah non probability sampling berupa pengambilan sampel sistematis melalui angket berjumlah 110 dan metode analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif deskriptif dan kuantitatif asosiasi. Karakteristik rumah tangga yang teridentifikasi adalah kelompok umur, kelompok pekerjaan dan jenis permukiman, perhitungan kapasitas rumah tangga menunjukkan bahwa 21,82% siap, 28,18% tidak siap dan 50,00% cukup siap menghadapi bencana, ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan antara kelompok pekerjaan dengan kapasitas rumah tangga dan jenis permukiman dengan kapasitas rumah tangga.

Based on the crunch model, the root causes of vulnerability to disasters include political, natural, economic, and social aspects. To target these root causes, there needs to be a focus on developing education as it plays an important role in increasing the capacity of an individual and a community. The Indonesian has prioritized the development of education and even allocated about 20 percent of its spending. In addition, the government has a social protection program that also affects the education, particularly for children namely Indonesia Smart Program (“Program Indonesia Pintar”). For this paper, Cianjur Regency was chosen as acase study for several reasons. First, Cianjur is the regency most vulnerable to disasters in WestJava, particularly of floods and landslides. Second, Cianjur is one of the regencies in West Java with many social problems. The objective of this paper is to analyse the role of the Indonesia Smart Program in increasing the capacity of children to strengthen disaster resilience in Cianjur Regency. The PIP faces many challenges particularly in Cianjur Regency such as theaccessibility of the beneficiaries to get the financial aid and the monitoring aspect of utilization of the money. The Indonesia Smart Program has an indirect effect in increasing the capacity of children in general. However, the effect of increasing the capacity of children in disaster riskreduction is relatively limited and indirect.

The purpose of this study was to determine how well KN95 respirators, marketed for children, fit the faces of children aged 6–13 years old in two urban sites with elevated levels of air pollution: Kathmandu, Nepal and Bandung, Indonesia. The wearability of the tested respirators and the children’s style preferences were also assessed. Sixty children, 30 in each country, were recruited and were fit tested with three different ear loop respirators in two combinations (with and without an additional adjustable ear loop clip worn around the head). The fit factor for each respirator was determined using a modified fit test protocol for filtering face piece respirators using a TSI PortaCount™ Respirator Fit Tester 8048. Facial dimensions were measured using callipers. The wearability of the respirators and children’s style preferences were assessed through questionnaires administered after the fit tests. Most fit factors were less than 10, i.e. less than 90 % reduction in exposure. In both countries, using an additional ear loop clip was associated with increases in fit factor of 42 and 50 % for Indonesian and Nepalese respirators, respectively. There were no significant differences among the respirators for any of the perceptions: comfort, feeling hot, breathability, fit, embarrassment or appearance for either country. The appearance of the respirator was important to the children. Although the use of an additional ear loop clip improved the fit, the respirators were generally too large for the children’s faces to achieve a good fit. Respirators marketed for children should be better designed to suit their facial dimensions